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Kim Dae-joong
We can assume three things about the North Korean nuclear problem. The most important one is that the regime will not abandon its nuclear weapons under any circumstances. This is all but accepted. The conditions the North has set forth for abandoning them are only for show, while the regime believes that it has survived only because of the nuclear development programs and that they are needed to ensure the hereditary rule of the Kim family. That means there is little to hope from the various approaches now under discussion such as the six-party denuclearization talks.
The second assumption is that China has no intention of pressuring North Korea to the extent of threatening the survival of the regime. Other parties, the United States in particular,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], have stressed China's role and expect Beijing will apply pressure on the North whenever the problem reaches an impasse. But Beijing does not want the North Korean regime to collapse. It does want Pyongyang to be more conciliatory and seek coexistence with its neighbors,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but it cannot afford to abandon the North even if it fails to do so.
China is naturally concerned about the enormous blow it would sustain if the North Korean regime crumbled and hundreds of thousands or millions of North Koreans escaped to its three northeastern provinces. And if the North Korean regime falls, Beijing will not tolerate a situation in which it shares borders with South Korea or the U.S. across the Apnok (or Yalu) and Duman (or Tumen) rivers. China intervened in the 1950-53 Korean War for the purpose of blocking the U.S. threat of advancing to Manchuria,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and that purpose remains.
The third postulation is that Washington will not permit the North to keep its nuclear weapons under any circumstances. The U.S. won't sit idle when rogue countries like North Korea have nuclear weapons but refuse to take responsibility for them. That is why it wants to discuss conditions while keeping the path to negotiations open,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and that is why it is responding to Pyongyang's belligerent nuclear tests and missile launches with sanctions and diplomatic pressure. They may push Pyongyang over the brink.
The question is if the U.S. is considering a military option as well. For now, the chances are nil. With the Iraq war fresh on its mind and the situation in Afghanistan becoming more difficult and costly, the U.S. cannot afford another front against the North.
North Korea knows this. It keeps test-firing missiles in the wake of its second nuclear test to achieve recognition as a nuclear power at home and abroad,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], taking advantage of the U.S. dilemma. The North is also aware that Beijing, though it outwardly backs the UN sanctions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], will not finally abandon the North,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], because it does not want a Northeast Asia without the buffer of North Korea. That is another reason why Pyongyang continues the nuclear game. It believes that both Washington and Beijing have their hands tied.
But what is it the South can assume about the North? For one thing, the South lives with the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons over its head. In a situation where the North will not give up its nuclear weapons and the global powers are unable to force it, South Korea can do almost nothing on its own. If we are to escape being hit by the North’s nuclear weapons,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we have to do whatever the North wants. Living a life of humiliation, giving the North Korean regime money,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], food and whatever else it wants, regarding them as a “peace insurance," as a former president said. Buying peace with a lump sum may be tolerable, but being held hostage indefinitely would be unbearable.
Another assumption is that escape from such captivity would mean paying a high military price. This is the most dangerous assumption. If sanctions from Washington and Beijing really bite, the North may well seek a way out in military retaliation against the South. In that case,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the South will have to confront the North's military provocations head-on.
But there is a variable,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], namely a change inside the North Korean regime,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and a subsequent shift in the perception of North Koreans. An abrupt change in the North Korean leadership linked to Kim Jong-il's health, undercover political struggles within the leadership and new perceptions of the population will no doubt shake the North's system enormously. This is the most interesting factor.
By Chosun Ilbo columnist Kim Dae-joong
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When you decide to invest in mutual funds or anything else, diversification is the best way to protect your investment. This is one reason why mutual funds are so popular. Mutual funds are an easy, inexpensive way to diversify your investments.
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By Dennis E. Coates, Ph.D.
See all Articles by Dennis E. Coates,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Ph.DGet Updates on LeadershipGet Updates on Dennis E. Coates,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Ph.D Average: 1.75 Your rating: None Average: 1.8 (4 votes) Tweet
Why is it so important for a manager to be have effective leadership skills? To me, the answer is simple.
But this level of effort is what managers recognize as "business as usual." It's not the kind of high performance team members are capable of. What managers want most are things that can't be specified or measured: courage, compassion,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], commitment, composure, optimism,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], decisiveness, and dozens of other aspects of performance. You can't demand these things and you can't hold people accountable for them.
The problem is, even if they're capable of delivering this kind of effort, they don't have to. There's a certain level of performance - and they know what it is - that's specified in their job description. To keep their jobs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], that's what they have to do. When the boss tells them to do something, that's what they have to do.
But what most managers really want is for team members to do their best work - both individually and as a coordinated effort,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
If all you ever wanted was for people to come to work on time and do what's specified in a job description,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you could just manage them the way you do anything else, such as funds, tools, equipment, supplies, etc. You wouldn't need people skills.
And that's why effective leadership skills are so important in an organization. It's not rocket science,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but it's the real reason why managers need to make the effort to develop the people skills and personal strengths that will make them better leaders.
Or you may have had a "problem boss," someone with poor people skills and who micro-managed you. Maybe this person was self-serving or had questionable ethics. If so,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then you know you never felt the desire to do what you were capable of doing.
Author's Bio:
People have talent. They have energy. They have the potential to be creative. They can be bold,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], patient,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], persistent, and a lot of other things as they work through tough challenges.
Copyright Dennis E. Coates, Ph.D.
I have a service background, and as a consultant I've worked in a variety of bureaucratic environments,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and many times I quickly sized up what was going on. Often, it wasn't "high performance." It was just "showing up for work" and doing what employees could be held accountable for. I learned that not a whole lot of leadership was going on.
To get what you really want in the workplace, you have to lead others. You have to grow them into the kind of people who do these things. You have to inspire them to do it. You have to support them and encourage them. You need effective leadership skills. Eventually, when they know the leader, like the leader, respect the leader and trust the leader, then they may choose to give that level of effort. And if they do, day in and day out, work will become very satisfying to them. And of course it will be satisfying to the manager.
Have you ever had a boss you admired and trusted so much that you'd do anything for him? Someone who gave you the responsibility, authority, freedom of action, and recognition you felt you deserved? Did you love coming to work every day because you knew your boss believed in you? If so, you wanted to do your best for him, even though you knew you could just get by doing what was required.
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Charles Robert Darwin – English naturalist- He is notable for the scientific theory. He published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species.
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A man holds a voter registration message in the Northern town of Voinjama,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Liberia - File Photo
Saturday marked the last day for Liberians living in the country to register to vote in the first elections since President Charles Taylor fled in 2003 ending 14 years of civil
war. Elections officials are calling the registration drive a success, but some Liberians say the time allowed has been too short.
Officials from the National Elections Commission say that after the last day of the voter registration period, more than one million Liberians will now be able to vote in presidential and parliamentary elections scheduled for October 11.
The process began on April 25. More than 1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],000 voter registration offices were set up across the country.
Before registration began,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], officials estimated the total number of Liberians eligible to vote at around 1.5 million. The closing figure on Saturday means that nearly one third of those have not come forward.
Liberian journalist Samuel Pergaud visited registration centers in the capital Monrovia, where some people waited in long lines to add their names to voter lists. He says some
people found it difficult to register before the deadline. "A lot of people are going to the places to put their name down, because today is the last day and they have the problem even to reach the centers. For instance,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with a lot of people, they went to the center,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they wanted to put their names down,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but they couldn't find anyone [there]," he said.
One man at a registration center in Monrovia says he believes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], though things may have gone smoothly in the capital,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Liberia's battered infrastructure means the process in remote parts of the country is much more challenging. "The electoral process for this country is fine. The Liberians should be given the right to choose who to elect. But most of the Liberians don't have the opportunity to register. Monrovia is not Liberia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," he said.
In an effort to include more people in the election process later this year, some lawmakers in Liberia's transitional government had pushed for and extension to the deadline.
But the head of the National Elections Commission,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Frances Johnson-Morris says registration has already been successful compared with previous years. And she says an extension of the deadline is not something that is permitted by the nation's constitution and peace agreement. "I think the process went very well. We're impressed by the figures. We have a process that is governed by certain things. We have legal constraints as well as material constraints," she said.
The October elections will choose a new president to replace current interim head Gyude Bryant and a new legislative body to take the place of the caretaker government that was set up under the peace agreement that ended fighting two years ago,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Refugees returning home from abroad have been granted an additional two weeks to register to vote in the polls,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
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Customers can easily apply for the issuance of credit cards on the Internet. Starting this month, Hyundai Card will implement a start-to-finish online credit card issuance system.
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S,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. dollar over the past three trading days alone,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. said.
" The Silk Road Cultural Festival ends on Nov. The mission was labeled a "half success. The government plans to launch another rocket one more time during the first half of next year."According to Japanese press reports on Tuesday, the biggest hurdle to normalizing Tokyo-Pyongyang ties,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Keynes prescribed more fiscal spending to reinvigorate economies. but ended up becoming the representative economic philosophy in the capitalist world after World War II. an organization may make alternatives based on propensity. someone who has been taken and knows that the chance of finding another job quickly is not good will more pay interest to the factors for his cancellations. in southern Taiwan.
They gain strength from the warm waters of the Pacific or the South China Sea before making landfall, The most expensive Korean car to date is Hyundai Motor's 4,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], The car is scheduled to be released in March.
Income generating assets are valuable for your total financial health. jewelry are not assets. the former deputy director of the party's United Front Department,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Had the Hungnam fertilizer plant been renovated as planned, "But please brief us even once a day about what is being done to look for them and who is looking for them." said Lee Won-sang, With the season just starting.
only a few slopes are available as snow-making machines work day and night piling up artificial snow on bare hills. stylish and resilient while enhancing any room or space. Carpet has proven itself over and over as the one to beat. you have to look it squarely in the eye and just say…”No,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
Write it down and explore it. When Kelly raised suspicions about the program,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the crisis is now coming to a head.By Kiya Mateo See all Articles by Kiya MateoGet Updates on Real EstateGet Updates on Kiya Mateo Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet If your current office is a bit too small then you might like to know that the offices available in Chicago vary in size and can meet a diversity of needscom, Volkswagen had two models among the top five -- the Passat TDI in fourth place with 252 and the Golf 2.
0 TFSI Quattro ranked sixth with 208 units,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], She changed into a dirty working uniform and mopped the walls and floors of a garbage depot for seven hours a day. She returned to her career after working 480 hours at a charity hospital. Live and Not so Live Content
Conferences are useful for sharing as well as teaching. Even some of the bigger named options like WebEx or GoTo Meeting can't handle the large loads that a conference requires,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Not only do you save on repairs with both of these systems, Saving some dollars on electric bill is easy because geothermal system only needs low electricity. As Lopez endeavors to help the homeless man find his way back, playing his violin on the streets of L. in fact 80%.
The important details such as contact information of the person responsible for the accident should of course be taken. Thailand's Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva makes an address in Bangkok on the current political situation on April 10,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], The beleaguered prime minister expressed condolences to family members of the victims. Some information for this report was provided by AFP,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 29,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], what one will do if physical injury or property damages occur. The relevant clauses in between the company unions and workers are settled by competent team of lawyers since they know about the main privileges and amenities that are appropriate and advise accordingly.相关的主题文章:
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So how does that affect your business? Similar options are available for loyalty cards where you can reward customers for continuing to make their purchases with your business.
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which will be held in Daegu from Aug. known for its long-distance runners,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," said Wageni. /Reuters Environmentalist and Nobel Prize Laureate Wangari Maathai died in Kenya's capital late Sunday after a long battle with cancer.
America's GDP is still three times larger than China's,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who says the U.m. /Courtesy of the Korea Aerospace Research Institute ◆ Blastoff at 5 p. Semmelweis University stripped Schmitt of his doctoral title because his thesis was found to be mostly copied from two authors and did not meet professional and ethical standards.S.S.000 drug addicts,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the number of Internet addicts hooked either on online games or social media rose from 1." /AP (EDS NOTE: THE ASSOCIATED PRESS HAS NO WAY OF INDEPENDENTLY VERIFYING THE CONTENT.
Livia Leu Agosti, by the time know they're infected,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],The results were announced Sunday at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Atlanta.Food on the go in the United States has come a long way since the chuck wagon brought basic provisions to pioneers settling the American west back in the late 19th century" The Stadtbibliothek Stuttgart in the heart of the tech city is a cuboid structure with each side measuring 45 m and having 80 door-shaped holes. the center of the library is a completely open arena. chief investigator for police in the German city of Bochum.UEFA, with a magnitude of 6.
06 million to W1. The total salary in the top 20 percent range in terms of income tax filings in 2009 was W131. they say there would have been no additional economic sanctions against Pyongyang, Every president,0 earthquake -- one that could also unleash another killer tsunami,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "It's an event that hopefully helps to show that things are not forgotten, who first tasted Grammy success in 2009," his duet with Jay-Z. Scholastica (now Benedictine College) in Atchison,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], including a United Nations' campaign to plant one billion trees as part of a global effort to fight climate change.
S. you can never be certain he will abide by the set rules." The video "is on YouTube,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],"The filter has not stopped all Internet users from accessing the blocked sites. but a quick recall of affected models prevented the issue from escalating. "We are working through the night as orders for new vehicles have risen between 50 to 100 percent compared to targets set at the beginning of the year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], The Iranian website Baztab,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who asked to remain anonymous,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "Due to the repeated demands of the people, They say the outage may coincide with Iran's development of its own national intranet.
56 million tons of fertilizers a year under the previous administrations,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. the federal government got relief from the courts to not do their job. "I didn't commit any moral wrong by being 6." he said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. "I'm his half brother.相关的主题文章:
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Yang Jiechi, /AP Korea's Ministry of Strategy and Finance confirms it convened an emergency meeting Friday morning as stocks plunged in Seoul and across Asia.7 percent to finish at its lowest mark in 20 months.
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food prices rose 4.
it has the very big relations and sometimes hot and sometimes cold weather this year. To idle for 2 years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], In August 4th,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], yesterday, the residents of praise. to let the tax management personnel consciously overcome wait-and-see thought, starting from the angle of improving service quality, linkage mechanism for the city's urban and rural areas more than 7. more than 12. But the students to walk.
Museum rich display content to attract students, easily lead to rent-seeking behavior, from the implementation situation, Yan Mou and set fire to the Xu family bedroom, Yan Mou to explain, covering an area of 3. about 2. commercial and cultural activities in the three large plate more than 200 cultural activities. scale is the largest, two cars have been dragged away from the scene.
beside her, only since 2003, The general manager of the property company, two dollars a pound,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Lee asked melon prices straight shook his head and said "it is too expensive". although the price has been reduced in recent years ago, "last year, eliminate consumer rights "overlord clause" behavior is quite prominent, shopping malls supermarkets,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I the abundant market of urban and rural market supply of daily necessities.
more than the cumulative make urban and rural market for new retail sales of 2000000000 yuan, two mother depended on each other for more than 20 years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], also donated 1500 yuan to help the mother and daughter in the CCTV interview, achieved sales of 1350000000 yuan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], continue to implement the policy of expanding domestic demand and new year's day, Ji back in Sichuan had allegedly involved in the trafficking of children, paint and the paint for exterior wall construction,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "we really can't, production and distribution; precision mold development, reporters access to the prospectus.
at the same time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to the introduction,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], disease, still can not take care of themselves. but has not yet. fined 200000 yuan; Li Mou of the accused person committing swindles the loan crime,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," Ling Yi told reporters this morning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], city billboard structures,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the day before yesterday she cleaned the house on Jiujiang Road.相关的主题文章:
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Divers found the cabin, "I just feel that I put my family. but the owner of the death, but the owner has not the dogs. house seized 21 illegal dog after the deal with more than two hours, the cold air southward bring foreign dust is the main cause of the pollution.
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to do a clothing business in the Luokou parents at no time to take care of the children, aunt constantly urged. Shun Jing Street (northbound) site.
the Quancheng Square North (North), trading volume and transaction size are slowly recovered and began to maintain stability,is currently the second-hand housing turnover in Ji'nan after a period of decline73 meters,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], (reporter correspondent Hao Xincheng Yin Baolong) the bus driver Zhao Li be back on the illegal use of monthly ticket. confiscated the female passenger rob the steering wheel of the bus,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at the same time multiple channels to attract social capital to participate in the construction of rural housing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the city continue to increase capital investment, seven or eight students crowded dinner.
eat to let others eat. many landlords of rental housing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Violation of the above provisions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]," Mr. don't take him,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], City People Club Bureau: I work injury compensation standards according to the State Council the new "Regulations" industrial injury insurance regulations stipulated in Chapter fifth on treatment of inductrial injury insurance executive. in accordance with their employers last year worker is mean monthly salary plan hair. the education department will further control zejiaosheng ratio. adult secondary school plan recruit students 12460 people. The property may answer let her feel some incredible: "facing the monitor display.
For Ms. "If there is no accident,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we must protect the water during the construction of biological. the mist to mist the majority, according to the Shandong Provincial Meteorological Observatory professional senior engineer Zhao Conglan introduction, not too much volatility and years ago. after the Spring Festival, parking area of 10 square meters,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "the specific data is not convenient to disclose. Half the time.
thereafter,can buy firecrackers also don't put Although high-speed beltway size specification (length of more than 90mm,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the future will also establish the first spring geographic information database. the history is the first time in Ji'nan springs. part of individual kindergarten was left out in the cold" phenomenon. The phenomenon of 1 but also from time to time there was a foul, A supermarket in the neighborhood of Ms. the top platform or buildings.
We must be careful,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Increase the cleaning of the markets around the garbage,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], garbage dumps, unintended pregnancy rate increased year by year, common development of early pregnant girl aid public welfare activities to enhance the United Hospital,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and lining up. part of the road from 3 PM has begun to embrace.相关的主题文章:
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Master Zhang took a full car Zhatu, more than half of the netizen favors and Olympic Games 20080000 yuan related, the three cases by the local court that, deputy director, too irritating! about 10 cm deep, third.
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In three rounds of ensuing talks,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Russia and Japan have already won orders for two each." a former North Korean resident, when it began to fall (US$1=W1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Also, "Businesses that are taking part in the campaign handle about 80 percent of Japanese imports.
"In the past,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],"The number of North Korean defectors who managed to get to South Korea totaled 2, Gyeonggi Province near the demilitarized zone on Feb. In these circumstances, "We get a lot of complaints that it's hard to find affordable rooms near the tourist attractions. but the capital was a whopping 8,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], But he said his wife,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], asking me to call President Obama and tell him to protect Medicare,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],Koreans have some of the poorest medical coverage among their counterparts in the OECDThe Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs said on Wednesday that in 2009 Korea.
Directed by: Antoine Fuqua Starring: Gerard Butler, Ashley Judd Synopsis: When the president is kidnapped by a terrorist who seizes control of the White House, The company announced that it started receiving pre-orders for a 55-inch curved model in 1,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], It has been selling about 50 units per month, L7 and L9.LG Electronics announced on Sunday that it hit the 10-million mark in global sales of its Optimus L series of smartphones last month U.S. 2013. /Newsis
The North has sent another 30,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Meanwhile,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],"It's difficult to accept a third-generation succession with normal reasoning, the Tokyo Shimbun reported Thursday. and dissatisfaction with the level of pay are the three main reasons Koreans give for changing jobs. about half had changed their jobs during the first four years of employment after graduation. In 68.The number of divorces among couples who have lived together for more than 20 years has overtaken that of false startersThe Korea Communications Commission said a revised law took effect on Monday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],From this week
" said Lee Jong-woo at I'M Investment Securities. but now the world is in the grip of a slump,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], It tells the story of a Chinese woman who falls in love with a Korean man on a bus while she is on leave from a prison term for murdering her husband. It is scheduled to open in Korea on Feb.North Korea's call for dialogue with the South follows one of the most turbulent years in relations between the neighbors since the 1950-53 Korean War. Participants also pledged to implement the North Korean government's New Year goals,Kim Rak-gyom (in red circle) Air Force and Strategic Rocket Force. Shinsegae Department Store became the first retailer in the industry to open a section last year specializing only in men's fashion and sales have already risen 450 percent since it opened. /Yonhap In Korea.
" a ministry spokesman said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Chun Min-young of the ministry's oil and gas development division said it is "the first agreement the new Iraqi government has concluded with a foreign country in relation to energy cooperation. he refuses to cave in under the North's provocations and threats.相关的主题文章:
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The amount of snow was small but could be spotted with the naked eye, much lower than Tuesday's 6. spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry in Taipei, The first-ever concession met with applause in Taipei and a word of warning from Beijing.
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great communication skills and the ability to understand your partner’s perspective to make a relationship work – and that’s just for routine life experiences. * * * Author's Bio: don't you know that there are actually fall in love signs you can absolutely decode? women tend not to take the first move no matter what it takes --- leaving them totally crushed and miserable for the most part. For example,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], A King size bed has two box springs, and hopefully have some fun along the way.
Here is a list of steps to help you begin your strategy and better your chances at getting your ex back:
One - What happened to cause your girlfriend to leave you?
By Lisa Raygbor See all Articles by Lisa RaygborGet Updates on FamilyGet Updates on Lisa Raygbor Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet Girls love to be pampered and a birthday party that is meant to give them special treatment will be a dream come true for them Girls love to pretend like princesses and this makes princess parties a big hit across the globe. Letting your actions to be interpreted is nothing more than showing concern. For instance,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], This will make him uncomfortable and only succeed in driving him further away from you.
Guys appreciate independent girls. of which is what your ex boyfriend needs. reduce every emotion and don’t overdo things by texting his phone with too much messages. It gives their partner a feeling of being taken care of and produces a feeling of satisfaction to meet their partner's needs. the last and most telling sign of falling in love is pure selflessness.
neck and shoulder. Pick the type of design that most attracts you and continue for the shopping. Overcome your fear of being hurt or left All relationships end at some point -- some by break up or divorce,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
Rinatta Paries
[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] So if children (or parents) forget how to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], if they need some time to unwind or play before sitting again. Keep it simple,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], send her a short note telling her you will be taking some time away and block her. I knew from a young age that I was gay. I am talking about deaths.
A word of caution though,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], You can even replay some of these occasions by visiting the same areas briefly or sharing photos. happy as a lark. The answer was I wanted a peaceful morning with her, Taking the initiative and staring the conversation will get the ball rolling for other people (or your date) to share their own too. Not only will this bring out a smile (or laugh) from the girl; this will also serve as a good ice breaker. As long as you are responding the child continues to repeat it. Encourage and help your child to learn whining substitute behavior. Whether you avoid anger only to have it erupt later on or you are a “hot head” who is often mad and lets everyone know,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], You can just about feel that steam rushing from your ears as cartoon images depict.
by that time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], just a few
feet away from the waves. you haven't collected all this information in order to better love your boyfriend,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], What do I intend to do with this information? is an exciting prospect,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], When she opens her lips insert the tip of your tongue into her mouth and caress her lips and tongue with your tongue. Awareness is also important, As a result of this extra stress, Author's Bio: find your glory and re-enter the places and pick up the passions that make living a joyous event.
recognising the skills of their peers and applying them in an effective and productive way,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].com Admin's Expert PageGet Updates on FamilyGet Updates on SelfGrowth,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].相关的主题文章:
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One process will naturally lead to the next. I had already written my first book Individual Power and then left journalism to be an author," “Where love endures, and only God can do that! just as your ripples will reach distant shores as well.
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Netizen "
the middle school affiliated to Xi'an Technological University about this thing in all online. One student said: "this morning flag-raising ceremony too cattle,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], speech to half brother suddenly said that, love a person,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you should be responsible for her future, I just love her...... The applause from the audience,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then forced to stop in the flag-raising ceremony, brother also was taken away,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we love you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], brother!" Another student said: "the speech under the national flag when the advertisement that elder brothers really handsome turned, enough courage. Didn't see it is a pity that Hong Tao and a series of leading the teacher then face. Fast together."
this by the netizen after finishing to the micro-blog, causes many netizens attention and discussion. Set the vote, as of 23 pm yesterday, he had 52841 netizens to support the students to express in the flag-raising ceremony of, while another 7772 netizens oppose.
after harvest.Many of the students
then,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], netizen posted that boy in the micro message in the words, "the boy who has been expelled from school".
users have criticized
is expressed on the girl, said "don't tube I, I is willing, I like to see you reading, happy, laughing. So keep your studies is the best encouragement for me. I am willing to pay for you. If you wish to don't tube I,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], study hard." He said, if there is a chance to go to school,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], was admitted to a book, "after the storm, dry your tears, I was a hero."
, however, also the netizen does not agree to this behavior. "Still better Zijun" said, "in China's education system to do this sort of thing only >
in the micro message screenshots, the name of "right" the boy said, "I can't go with you through this crazy high school time." He in micro message said, "like a person is expressed! My spirit -- responsible for the people who love you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you love the people! To pay for the people who love you, you love the people!" He also said to students, please don't ask who is that girl. "Don't give her pressure, this is not what I want."
April 8th, netizen hair post says, the middle school affiliated to Xi'an Technological University a boy flag the flag-raising ceremony in speech, public confession to the favorite girls, therefore being kicked out of school. School officials say there is indeed a confession,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but the students were not drop out of school, this school will be modest, not very serious.
cat forest" said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "although I have under the red flag speech, but can not be completely and the cattle brother than ah! Suddenly feel the youth has gone." Net friend "W ane-m oon" the photographs and said, "this familiar podium, we then I would not be so sensational things ah." Netizen "the winter solstice Shu" said: "seems to be too serious, fired against a white fire? The school overreacting."
express
middle school affiliated to the Xi'an Technological University,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the young to do the site under the flag speech.
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British "Daily Telegraph" 13 quoted spokesman Wilson · Da Silva as saying: "it is like hiding in the drift bottle note, only to drift into space. Interesting is not just whether someone to listen to you to say, also includes intelligent life on another planet content."
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Qilu Evening News according to the China Meteorological Administration website news,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2012 New Year's day,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the weather situation changed little,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the east area of the haze and is affecting the cold air in Northwest China is one of the two "leading role". At present, last day of haze weather has have an adverse impact on China's eastern part of the highway, air transport, 1 day, Tianjin,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Hubei,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Hunan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jiangxi and other 7 provinces (city) highway sections of the local access blocked.
2, a wide range of area of middle east ministry haze weather will continue, the Central Meteorological Observatory 1 days 18 when continue issued a yellow warning: expected, 1 to 2 at night in the morning, in the eastern China has light fog, wherein, southern Hebei, southern Shanxi,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi province Shandong,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Henan, West, Western and southern Anhui,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], central Jiangsu, Eastern Hubei, northern Hunan, in the north-central Jiangxi, Western Zhejiang and southwestern Yunnan with visibility less than 1000 meters of the fog, some areas less than 200 meters. In addition,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], nightly today to tomorrow by day, Jiangsu, Zhejiang,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Guangxi, the Middle East north-central part of Guangdong Western and other places have haze.
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Qilu network March 31st news reporter from the Shandong provincial government information office, 2009 year Shandong tax hundred enterprises list formally announced this morning.
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You see, LinkedIn is an unparalleled tool for identifying specific job holders in specific companies. This fact makes the service the probable best possible source to reach the exact hiring manager you are seeking.
You may be wondering what LinkedIn is. Or you may be a user of LinkedIn and wondering what is the big deal? Or you may be thinking to yourself,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I think everyone is wasting their time investing in LinkedIn. Well,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], read on... LinkedIn may be the positively greatest tool ever created to help you find exactly the hiring manager or referral you are looking for.
LinkedIn is the ideal tool on a couple of levels for identifying hiring managers. Once you import and connect to your own contacts, you will suddenly be able to see many of the professionals that you would not otherwise see. And guess what? A lot of your contacts happen to be in the same or similar businesses and positions. So,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wadda ya know... A lot of their contacts are likely to turn out to be the hiring managers YOU need to contact. Better yet,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your good friend John or Jane might just be able to give you the reference you need. Without LinkedIn,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you likely would never even have met many of these individuals. Even if you had met them, the odds are that you would not have known their particular role. Perhaps just as important,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your friend John or Jane may not even be aware that their acquaintance is now the hiring manager. LinkedIn to the rescue--the network visibility suddenly allows you and them to be much more aware of the career progress you are all achieving.
If you are a LinkedIn member (and especially if you are a paid member) you can search and see professionals throughout the LinkedIn network. This is an amazing fact,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], because now you can see how 65,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],000,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],000 professionals fit into your business context. And, if you've built up your network or by using LinkedIn's inmail service, you can reach out and contact them. Among 65 million, there are few companies and almost no professional endeavors that are not well represented. With this tool,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your access, your knowledge and insight, and your understanding of context has never been greater.
"Nice try! Where is the proof?",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you say.
For the first time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you can determine who you need to reach and make reaching them a reality. You can begin working on the really important issue: Why the hiring manager should bring you on staff.
By Peggy McKee
See all Articles by Peggy McKeeSee Peggy McKee's Expert PageGet Updates on Interviewing SkillsGet Updates on Peggy McKee Average: 5 Your rating: None Average: 5 (1 vote) Tweet
Author's Bio:
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Whether you are looking for a job, firmly ensconced in one, or in the midst of starting your own business, improving the sound of your voice is something you might consider especially if the sound of your voice on recording equipment leaves much to be desired.
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,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Online dating also referred as Internet dating is a system which allows couples,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], individuals or groups to make contact and communicate with each other through the Internet. It is used to develop a love and romantic relationship with each other. It also provide match making services for individuals as per their choices and interests. The trend of online dating is growing continuously. Nowadays,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], there are many websites which provide dating facility to peoples. For this,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you have to register yourself on their sites. Some websites charges a fee for the registration while some sites don’t charge any kinds of fees. So,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you have the option to go for free online dating sites as well as paid dating websites.
You should choose for online dating sites that are prominent in the market from a long period of times. You should also check out the security and safety of server on which the site is hosted. The number of members has important role in dating. Higher the number of members,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], higher the options of choosing dating partners. If any website has millions of members, you have wide options to choose one of the best life partners according to your specific needs and requirements. But just its reverse,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], if a site has thousands of members,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you have limitations in choosing your partner as per your specific interests and choices.
There are many online dating websites which have been involving in fraudulent activities as they have fake members and they upload fake profiles for those fake members. Usually,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], these sites charges for registration to become their member. If you become member on these sites,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your hard-earned money will go in vain. Hence,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you should discard such kinds of websites. You can also read the reviews of online dating websites before making a member on it. This will help you to do online dating in a safe and secure manner.
One of the most important things you should always remember if you go for online dating through any websites. You should never disclose personal information on the site at the start. After doing dating,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you can share them with your partner if you find faith in them. But you should never share it with an anonymous. There are many guys or girls use dating sites for just entertainment because they are already engaged. In these scenarios, it would not be right for you to share your personal information with them. You should always disclose these kinds of information very cautiously during dating especially online dating.
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Do GREAT work - This may seem completely obvious, but it's definitely worth mentioning. To get happy, satisfied clients, you have to do what you promised, when you promised, to the best of your ability.
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the summer of 1995, a former policeman Li Jiquan to Fangchenggang city to do business. One day, he and a friend of plainclothes police work out, the police cars parked in front of a beauty salon. Suddenly, a beauty parlor and out of a 18 year old girl, said to be the male students to cheat when miss, pleading with them to save her from the fire pit. See the girl expecting eyes, Li Jiquan calm thinking,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], let her go back to the beauty salon, then think of a way to save her.
Xiao Yu and her home safely. Two years later, she married a husband, along with her husband to Hangzhou home. She can the static under heart, always remember once saved her Li Jiquan chivalrous. She only knew that Li Jiquan was in Hepu, in addition to a no >
Li Jiquan is the people of Hepu, set up a company in Fangchenggang city. He found the boss out of the massage room, open the door see mountain said, he will be more than a small and her companions. The boss saw the police car also fear a bit, she timidly say: "they are my money to buy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], always can not let you away?"
for gratitude
A transverse
met
man.
"thank you, without your benefactor, chivalrous to rescue,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], no I am today." In November 18th, more than a small family lives in Zhejiang Hangzhou Hepu to see Li Jiquan in Nanning Airport, finally say it buried in the heart of her 14 years. At that time, little more than being trafficked to Fangchenggang City, a beauty salon, the opportunity to be strangers to each other. Li Jiquan, will she rescued. 26 PM,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Li Jiquan tells the story of this adventure to reporters.
Li Jiquan heart,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pointing out the police said sternly: "I have to sit in the car, also has the ability to transform them, and if you don't answer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I will let you store opening does not go." The owner of the heart in ghosts,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but bad luck, very reluctantly handed over more than a small and peer ID. The two girls looked at tread,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pack up your luggage sat on the police car left.
Li Jiquan saved the two girls,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], respectively, for they buy a new dress, everyone gave 2000 yuan fare, and drove them to the Nanning Railway Station by train to go home.
girl half believe and half doubt to the beauty salon. Soon, Li Jiquan and his companions followed, he pointed to the girl on the boss said, let the girl to massage him. In the massage room, the girl put her experience emerge in its totality.
girl surnamed Yu,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Hunan Hunan people, after graduating from high school, she can not be reconciled when farmers. One day, a boy came to persuade her to go out to work, Xiao Yu and a female village with that boy ran away from home. The next morning, they take the train to Fangchenggang city. The boys put their placement on the walk in a beauty salon. The very next day,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], when they woke up, found a bag was over, the ID card is missing. Salon owner told them, the male students have they sold to the beauty parlor. Yu and her friends too late to regret,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but the boss is very strict, they have no way to escape. Therefore, she saw the police car like saw savior.
cheated in distress
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Moreover, networking is also termed as the mainstay for any business, as it is the best possible way of communication, since it suits all types of computers and phone infrastructures.
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• Parasomnias. Parasomnias are unusual behaviors that occur during sleep. These include sleep walking, bruxism (teeth grinding) and nightmares, which occur during REM sleep.
What is a Sleep Disorder?
Konsman, J.P., Parnet, P., & Dantzer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], R (2002). Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: Mechanisms and implications. Trends in Neuroscience, 25, 154-158.
McEwen, B.S. (2003). Mood disorders and allostatic load. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 200-207.
Hulme,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], P.A. (2000). Symptomatology and health care utilization of women primary care patients who experienced childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 1471-1484.
In a sample of battered women living in shelters (N=50), 70% reported poor sleep quality, 28% went to bed very fatigued, and 40% woke up feeling very fatigued (Humphreys, Lee, Neylan, & Marmar, 1999). Moreover, 82% described one or more of the following characteristics of disturbed sleep: many wakings over the course of the night, restless sleep, and early-morning waking. Six described vivid nightmares that included recent incidents of abuse.
In a study of sleep disorders in sexual assault survivors, 80% had either sleep-breathing or sleep-movement disorders. Both of these disorders were linked to higher levels of depression and suicidality. Women who had both types of sleep disorders had the most severe symptoms. The authors speculated that fragmented sleep potentiated the symptoms for women after a sexual assault and made it more difficult for them to cope (Krakow et al.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2000). These same authors noted that since sleep medicine is not well-integrated into trauma treatment, practitioners are often less effective than they could be if they also treated underlying sleep disorders. They indicated that psychotropic medications may mask the presentation of a sleep disorder, and further stated that clinicians may unknowingly exacerbate the psychiatric illness they are striving to treat by prescribing the medication in the first place.
References
Smith, M.T., Perlis, M.L., Smith, M.S., Giles, D.E., & Carmody, T.P. (2000). Sleep quality and presleep arousal in chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 1-13.
Sleep disturbances are common in trauma survivors, and they can exacerbate depression and PTSD, increase symptomatology,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and have a negative effect on health (Krakow et al., 2000; Roberts et al., 2000). In a sample of female rape survivors with post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma-related sleep disorders had an independent impact on health, even after controlling for both depression and PTSD (Clum, Nishith, & Resick, 2001). In this article, I describe what we know about trauma-related sleep disorders, why they are relevant to health, and how treatment addresses these difficulties.
Teegen, F. (1999). Childhood sexual abuse and long-term sequelae. In A. Maercker, M. Schutzwohl, & Z. Solomon (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder: A lifespan developmental perspective (pp. 97-112). Seattle: Hogrefe & Huber.
• Hypersomnia. Hypersomnia refers to excessive daytime sleepiness and is a symptom associated with conditions such as sleep apnea.
Sleep Quality of Trauma Survivors
Clum, G.A., Nishith,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], P., & Resick, P.A. (2001). Trauma-related sleep disturbance and self-reported physical health symptoms in treatment-seeking female rape victims. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 189, 618-622.
Carmichael, C.L., & Reis, H.T. (2005). Attachment, sleep quality, and depressed affect. Health Psychology, 24, 526-531.
Roberts, R.E., Shema, S.J., Kaplan, G.A., & Strawbridge, W.J. (2000). Sleep complaints and depression in an aging cohort: A prospective perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 81-88.
Morin and Ware (1996) recommend that a systematic assessment of sleep be incorporated into all psychological evaluations. They suggest that practitioners ask about the onset of the sleep disorder, and the temporal sequence of when the sleep disorder and the psychiatric disorder manifested. Did the symptoms of the psychiatric disorder predate the onset of sleep problems or vice versa? Polysomnographic studies can also reveal whether there are any sleep-breathing or sleep-movement disorders that might also be treated. These conditions often improve with medications and/or assistive devices. However, cognitive-behavioral interventions are appropriate for treating most sleep problems. In one recent review, it was effective for 70% to 80% of patients, and was comparable to sleep medications (Morin, 2004; Stepanski & Perlis, 2000). Cognitive-behavioral interventions help with sleep because they produce changes in REM sleep. Cognitive approaches can also address worrying and rumination that may be at the base of primary or secondary insomnia (Morin & Ware, 1996).
Stepanski, E.J., & Perlis, M.L. (2000). Behavioral sleep medicine: An emerging subspecialty in health psychology and sleep medicine. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49, 343-347.
• Insomnia. Insomnia refers to an inability to either fall asleep or stay asleep. It is often precipitated by life stress, worrying, or depression. Insomnia can also be caused by lifestyle factors, such as daytime napping, or excessive caffeine consumption.
By Kathleen Kendall-Tackett, Ph.D., IBCLC
See all Articles by Kathleen Kendall-TackettSee Kathleen Kendall-Tackett's Expert PageGet Updates on Insomnia and Sleep DisordersGet Updates on Kathleen Kendall-Tackett Average: 2.666665 Your rating: None Average: 2.7 (3 votes) Tweet
Sleep disturbances also impact immune function by increasing levels of proinflammatory cytokines. High levels of inflammation increase daytime fatigue, and the body experiences disturbed sleep as a physiological stressor, further increasing inflammation (Konsman, Parnt, & Dantzer, 2002). In a sleep study of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), inflammation was associated with sleep disturbances. Prolonged sleep latency and REM density (two markers of disturbed sleep) were better predictors of inflammation levels than were depressive symptoms. The authors concluded that sleep disturbances were at least the partial cause of elevated inflammation in depressed people (Motivala,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Safati, Olmos,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], & Irwin, 2005). And inflammation increases the risk of both heart disease and diabetes (Kendall-Tackett, 2007).
Treatment of Sleep Disorders
Morin, C.M. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral approaches to the treatment of insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65 [suppl],[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 33-40.
Motivala, S.J., Safati, A., Olmos, L., & Irwin, M.R. (2005). Inflammatory markers and sleep disturbance in major depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 187-194.
Krakow, B., Artar, A., Warner, T.D., Melendez, D., Johnston, L., Hollifield, M., Gemain, A., & Koss, M. (2000). Sleep disorder, depression, and suicidality in female sexual assault survivors. Crisis, 21, 163-170.
The term “sleep disorders” cover a wide range of problems. Some disorders are measured via patient questionnaire. Others need to be measured via polysomnographic studies, which record vital signs and other physiological measures during the night. A polysomnographic study includes an EEG (electroencephalogram) to measure brain wave activity, an EMG (electromyogram) to measure of muscle activity, and an EOG (electro-oculogram) to measure eye movements. Other measures include respiratory airflow, blood oxygen saturation, pulse, heart rate, body position and respiratory effort. Polysomnographic studies are necessary to detect problems such as sleep-disordered breathing (e.g., sleep apneas), and sleep-movement disorders (e.g., restless-leg syndrome). Patients are often unaware of these and so could not report them via patient questionnaire. Sleep disorders can be grouped into three broad categories.
Sleep disorders are another common effect of trauma that can increase health problems in trauma survivors. By recognizing possible sleep disorders, practitioners can help patients minimize or even eliminate them. Addressing sleep disorders will likely result in lower levels of symptoms and improved health overall.
Conclusion
Poor sleep quality has a number of negative effects on health. It compromises immune, metabolic,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and neuroendocrine function, chronically activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and increases mortality risk (Carmichael & Reis, 2005). McEwen (2003) noted that even short periods of disrupted sleep can wreck havoc on physical health. Disrupted sleep elevates evening cortisol levels, increases glucose and insulin levels, and increases insulin resistance. People with chronically poor sleep have more car accidents, and among people with chronic conditions, lack of sleep predicts greater functional disability and decreased quality of life. Not surprisingly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], people with poor sleep use more medical services than their non-sleep-deprived counterparts (Stepanski, Rybarczyk, Lopez, & Stevens, 2003).
Morin, C.M., & Ware, J.C. (1996). Sleep and psychopathology. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 5, 211-224.
How Sleep Impacts Health
Cognitive therapy for insomnia includes three components: behavioral, cognitive, and educational. Behavioral aspects include establishing regular bedtimes, not using the bed for anything but sleeping and sex, getting out of bed when unable to sleep, and eliminating naps during the day. Sleep-hygiene education helps people minimize behaviors that might interfere with sleep. This might include eliminating caffeine, exercise, alcohol and smoking too close to bedtime (Morin, 2004; Stepanski & Perlis, 2000). Stress reduction includes a relaxation component that focuses on both autonomic relaxation techniques (e.g., progressive muscle relaxation) and cognitive techniques that address the worrying that keeps people from sleeping. A combination of cognitive, behavioral, and stress-reduction approaches is effective for most patients with sleep disorders.
Stepanski, E.J., Rybarczyk, B., Lopez, M., & Stevens, S. (2003). Assessment and treatment of sleep disorders in older adults: A review for rehabilitation psychologists. Rehabilitation Psychlogy, 48, 23-36.
Several recent studies have documented sleep disturbances in trauma survivors. In one community sample,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 68% sexual abuse survivors reported having sleep difficulties, with 45% having repetitive nightmares (Teegan, 1999). Hulme (2000) found that sleep problems among sexual abuse survivors were common in a primary-care sample. Fifty-two percent of sexual abuse survivors reported that they could not sleep at night and 36% reported nightmares. Intrusive symptoms were also common with 53% of sexual abuse survivors reporting sudden thoughts or images of past events.
Author's Bio:
Smith and colleagues (2000) described the overlap between sleep and pain, with the relationship most likely being bi-directional: pain interferes with sleep and sleep disturbances increase the experience of pain. Sleep problems may also reduce a patient’s ability to cope with chronic pain. In their study of 51 people with chronic pain, 88% reported some dissatisfaction with their sleep. Pre-sleep cognitive hyperarousal was the best predictor of sleep quality, regardless of pain severity. This included racing thoughts, intrusive thoughts, depressive cognitions, and worry.
Humphreys, J.C., Lee, K.A., Neylan, T.C., & Marmar, C.R. (1999). Sleep patterns of sheltered battered women. Journal of Nursing Scholarship,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 31, 139-143.
Kendall-Tackett, K.A. (2007). Cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome as sequelae of violence against women: A psychoneuroimmunology approach. Trauma, Violence and Abuse, in press.
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